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Without undermining the natural systems and resources that productivity depends on, sustainable agriculture provides high yields. Farmers who take a sustainable approach work efficiently with natural processes rather than ignoring or struggling against them and use the best of current knowledge and technology to avoid the unintended consequences of industrial, chemical-based agriculture. Using Sustainable approach farmers are able to minimize their use of pesticides and fertilizers, hence can save money and protect future productivity, as well as protect the environment.
There are some most common sustainable agriculture techniques, if they are employed by farmers then they can achieve the key goals of weed control, pest control, disease control, erosion control and high soil quality,
1. Crop Rotation: Growing different crops in succession in the same field is one of the most powerful techniques of sustainable agriculture, and avoids the unintended consequences of putting the same plants in the same soil year after year.
2. Cover Crops: The planting of cover crops such as hairy vetch, clover, or oats helps farmers achieve the basic goals like preventing soil erosion, suppressing weeds, and enhancing soil quality
3. Soil Enrichment: Soil quality can be maintained and enhanced in many ways, including leaving crop residues in the field after harvest, plowing under cover crops, or adding composted plant material or animal manure.
4. Natural Pest Predators: Understanding a farm as an ecosystem rather than a factory offers exciting opportunities for effective pest control. For example, many birds, insects, and spiders are natural predators of agricultural pests.
5. Bio-intensive Integrated Pest Management: One of the most promising technologies is the control of pests through integrated pest management (IPM). This approach relies to the greatest possible extent on biological rather than chemical measures, and emphasizes the prevention of pest problems with crop rotation;